Skip to main content
Kubernetes Architecture Overview

Kubernetes Crash Course

“Kubernetes is to distributed systems what an operating system is to a computer.” - Kelsey Hightower
Kubernetes (K8s) is not just another tool. It is the operating system for the cloud. Google runs billions of containers on it. Netflix, Spotify, Airbnb - they all bet their infrastructure on Kubernetes. This course takes you from kubectl-curious to production-ready.

Why Kubernetes Matters

Orchestration

Manage thousands of containers automatically

Self-Healing

Auto-restart failed containers, replace nodes

Scaling

Auto-scale based on CPU, memory, custom metrics

Cloud Native

Industry standard for container orchestration

The Story Behind Kubernetes

2014: Google open-sourced Kubernetes, based on their internal Borg system. The Problem:
  • Managing containers manually doesn’t scale
  • Need automated deployment and scaling
  • Service discovery and load balancing
  • Rolling updates without downtime
The Solution: Kubernetes
  • Declarative configuration
  • Self-healing systems
  • Horizontal auto-scaling
  • Service discovery and load balancing
  • Automated rollouts and rollbacks
Today: Kubernetes powers:
  • Google: Runs billions of containers
  • Spotify: Entire infrastructure
  • Airbnb: Microservices platform
  • Pokemon Go: Handled massive scale
  • Every major cloud provider (EKS, GKE, AKS)
CNCF: Donated to Cloud Native Computing Foundation (2015)

What You’ll Learn

1

Fundamentals

Pods, nodes, clusters, namespaces. The building blocks you need to understand before anything else. Start Here
2

Internals Deep Dive

etcd, the scheduler algorithm, controller patterns, CNI/CSI. If you love understanding how things actually work, this one is for you. Explore Internals
3

Workloads

Deployments, ReplicaSets, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Jobs. How to run anything on Kubernetes. Deploy Apps
4

Services

Service types, load balancing, Ingress controllers, DNS. Exposing your applications to the world. Expose Services
5

Configuration

ConfigMaps, Secrets, environment variables. Managing configuration without rebuilding images. Manage Config
6

Storage

Volumes, PersistentVolumes, PersistentVolumeClaims, StorageClasses. Stateful workloads done right. Handle Storage
7

Helm

Package management for Kubernetes. Deploy complex applications with a single command. Use Helm
8

Windows and Linux

Platform-specific considerations, Windows containers, hybrid clusters. Real-world complexity. Platform Details

Kubernetes vs Docker Swarm

FeatureKubernetesDocker Swarm
ComplexityHighLow
FeaturesExtensiveBasic
CommunityHugeSmall
AdoptionIndustry standardDeclining
Learning CurveSteepGentle
Verdict: Kubernetes won. Docker Swarm is rarely used in production.

Course Structure

Module 1: Fundamentals (2-3 hours)

Cluster architecture, pods, nodes, namespaces. kubectl basics that you will use every single day.

Module 2: Internals Deep Dive (2-3 hours)

etcd and the Raft consensus protocol, scheduler algorithms, the controller pattern, CNI and CSI interfaces. If you love internals, continue. If not, skip to Module 3.

Module 3: Workloads (2-3 hours)

Deployments for stateless apps, StatefulSets for databases, DaemonSets for node-level services, Jobs and CronJobs for batch processing.

Module 4: Services (2 hours)

ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName. Ingress controllers. Service discovery and DNS.

Module 5: Configuration (2 hours)

ConfigMaps for non-sensitive config, Secrets for sensitive data. Environment variables, volume mounts, immutable configurations.

Module 6: Storage (2 hours)

emptyDir, hostPath, PersistentVolumes, PersistentVolumeClaims, StorageClasses. Dynamic provisioning.

Module 7: Helm (1-2 hours)

Charts, releases, values files. The package manager that makes complex deployments manageable.

Module 8: Windows and Linux (1-2 hours)

Windows container support, node selectors, taints and tolerations for heterogeneous clusters.
Ready to master Kubernetes? Start with Kubernetes Fundamentals or dive straight into Internals Deep Dive if you want to understand how the control plane really works.